Indira Gandhi was India's third prime minister, serving from 1966 until 1984, when her life ended in assassination. The Nehru–Gandhi Family is an Indian political family that has occupied a prominent place in the politics of India. https://www.elections.in/political-leaders/indira-gandhi.html [62] Police were granted powers to impose curfews and detain citizens indefinitely; all publications were subjected to substantial censorship by the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Some of these were due to high inflation which in turn was caused by wartime expenses, drought in some parts of the country and, more importantly, the 1973 oil crisis. [150] Gandhi firmly tied Indian anti-imperialist interests in Africa to those of the Soviet Union. Accordingly, Ahmed declared a State of Emergency caused by internal disorder, based on the provisions of Article 352(1) of the Constitution, on 25 June 1975. After almost four years, the court found her guilty of dishonest election practices, excessive election expenditure, and of using government machinery and officials for party purposes. [56], Despite the victory against Pakistan, the Congress government faced numerous problems during this term. At the beginning of her first term as prime minister, she was widely criticised by the media and the opposition as a "Goongi goodiya" (Hindi for a "dumb doll" or "puppet") of the Congress party bosses who had orchestrated her election and then tried to constrain her. He was assassinated after only a few months in office. The assailants had fired 31 bullets at her, of which 30 hit her; 23 had passed through her body while seven remained inside her. Her arrest and long-running trial gained her sympathy from many people. [125] India's new hegemonic position, as articulated under the "Indira Doctrine", led to attempts to bring the Himalayan states under India's sphere of influence. Gandhi survived party in-fighting, emerging as a popular leader thanks in part to efforts to revitalize the farming industry. Indira Gandhi will always be remembered for her praiseworthy efforts towards the development and progress of science, space exploration, agriculture and implementing several important policies related to the country’s economy. "[176], To deal with India's food problems, Gandhi expanded the emphasis on production of inputs to agriculture that had already been initiated by her father, Jawaharlal Nehru. Indira Gandhi Age, Family, Husband, Caste, Biography & More They were unhappy with the 1974 nuclear test conducted by India but did not support further action because of the ensuing Cold War with the United States. [96], By 1983, the Temple complex had become a fort for many militants. Rahul i… "[226] Gandhi spent a great deal of time throughout the 1950s helping to organise women. Indira Gandhi: Birth, Family, Education. "[238], Her domestic initiatives did not necessarily reflect favourably on Indian women. [56], On 12 June 1975, the Allahabad High Court declared Indira Gandhi's election to the Lok Sabha in 1971 void on the grounds of electoral malpractice. But the 'fake' Gandhis have been believing in familism from the beginning. The court ordered her stripped of her parliamentary seat and banned her from running for any office for six years. HAPPY FAMILY. Die Nehru-Gandhi-Familie ist eine einflussreiche Politikerfamilie in Indien, ... Indira Gandhi gelangte nach den Wahlen 1980 wieder an die Macht und blieb bis zu ihrer Ermordung 1984 im Amt. Indira Gandhi was born on 19 November 1917 in Allahbad, United Provinces, British India. He belonged to the Zoroastrian (Parsi) community of Gujarat. He was the City Kotwal i.e. [100], The day before her death (30 October 1984), Gandhi visited Odisha where she gave her last speech at the then Parade Ground in front of the Secretariat of Odisha. As the constitution requires that the Prime Minister must be a member of either the Lok Sabha or the Rajya Sabha, the two houses of the Parliament of India, she was effectively removed from office. She was the daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, India's first prime minister. As a young woman, Indira was admitted to Oxford University but driven out for non-performance. [239][240][241], In 2011, the Bangladesh Freedom Honour (Bangladesh Swadhinata Sammanona), Bangladesh's highest civilian award, was posthumously conferred on Gandhi for her "outstanding contributions" to Bangladesh's Liberation War. [140] Military hostilities recommenced in 1984 following Gandhi's authorisation of Operation Meghdoot. [218] They had two sons—Rajiv (b. [42][43][44] Gandhi, in turn, floated her own faction of the Congress party and managed to retain most of the Congress MPs on her side with only 65 on the side of the Congress (O) faction. On October 31, 1984, Gandhi was shot and killed by two of her bodyguards, both Sikhs, in retribution for the attack at the Golden Temple. At the same time, Indo-US relations were strained because of Gandhi's criticism of the American bombing campaign in Vietnam. [25] Indira had to take the entrance examination twice, having failed at her first attempt with a poor performance in Latin. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. [243] In 2012, she was ranked number seven on Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian. [33] Towards the end of the 1950s, Gandhi served as the President of the Congress. [176] When food stocks slumped after poor harvests in 1972, the government made it a point to use foreign exchange to buy US wheat commercially rather than seek resumption of food aid. Furthermore, they were also apprehensions in the region about Gandhi's plans, particularly after India played a big role in breaking up Pakistan and facilitating the emergence of Bangladesh as a sovereign country in 1971. [234], Gandhi's advocacy for women's rights began with her help in establishing the Congress Party's Women's Section. The Janata alliance, under the leadership of Morarji Desai, came to power after the State of Emergency was lifted. Family Life Her father was the first prime minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru. Right here at FameChain. Finally, the impending legislative assembly elections were postponed indefinitely, with all opposition-controlled state governments being removed by virtue of the constitutional provision allowing for a dismissal of a state government on the recommendation of the state's governor.[63]. Indira Gandhi, Letters to an American Friend. Indira Gandhi’s other son—Rajiv Gandhi, best known as a pilot, was instead made the face of the party. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1985. [57][58] Gandhi had asked one of her colleagues in government, Ashoke Kumar Sen, to defend her in court. She disturbed the balance between judiciary and executive, and suspended democracy for 2 full years, jailing all political opposition. They got married following a Hindu ceremony; even though Sonia was Italian. At the time, India was reliant on the US for food aid. The ambitious Union finance minister, Charan Singh, who as the Union home minister during the previous year had ordered the Gandhi's' arrests, took advantage of this and started courting the Congress. [138] Gandhi made a statement emphasising that she stood for the territorial integrity of Sri Lanka, although she also stated that India cannot "remain a silent spectator to any injustice done to the Tamil community. [150] In Uganda, the African Indian community suffered persecution and eventually expulsion under the government of Idi Amin. Sanghavi, Nagindas. In 1969, after she acted unilaterally to nationalize the country's banks, Congress Party elders sought to oust her from her role. Their marriage took place in Allahabad according to Adi Dharm rituals, though Feroze belonged to a Zoroastrian Parsi family of Gujarat. Indira Gandhi: An Intimate Biography. Son: Sanjay Gandhi. India's entry into the nuclear weapons club in 1974 also contributed to tensions in Southeast Asia. Family and career. The other was the announcement by the prime minister of Bank nationalisation without consulting the finance minister, Morarji Desai. Congress party veteran K. Kamaraj was instrumental in Gandhi achieving victory. [137] Nevertheless, Gandhi rejected demands to invade Sri Lanka in the aftermath of Black July 1983, an anti-Tamil pogrom carried out by Sinhalese mobs. The daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Nehru, married Feroze Gandhi in 1942 and took his surname. 1944) and Sanjay (b. [165] In contrast to the reception of Gandhi's earlier economic plan, this one was criticised for being a "hastily thrown together wish list. "[50], Gandhi's biggest achievement following the 1971 election came in December 1971 with India's decisive victory over Pakistan in the Indo-Pakistani War that occurred in the last two weeks of the Bangladesh Liberation War, which led to the formation of independent Bangladesh. __ gandhi, son of indira, died in a plane crash Indira gandhi attire Actor born in england who won the academy award for best actor for his portrayal of mahatma gandhi in the movie gandhi: 2 wds. "[138][139], India's relationship with Pakistan remained strained following the Shimla Accord in 1972. Gandhi resented the US policy of food aid being used as a tool to force India to adopt policies favoured by the US. finanziert durch die AOK PLUS Sachsen/Thüringen. The resulting turbulence in the foreign exchange markets was accentuated further by the oil shock of 1973. "Bangladesh honours Indira Gandhi with highest award", "History as a marker of otherness in Rohinton Mistry's "A fine balance, "40 years on, 7 things you need to know about Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi", "New book flays Indira Gandhi's decision to impose Emergency", "This day in history: Jan 19 1966 Indira Gandhi becomes Indian prime minister", Indira Gandhi – Iron Lady of India by Dr Sulakshi Thelikorala, Famous and Historic speeches given by Indira Gandhi, Union Minister of Information and Broadcasting, Ministers of Information and Broadcasting, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu TCC, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indira_Gandhi&oldid=1002394942, Heads of government who were later imprisoned, Ministers for Information and Broadcasting of India, Presidents of the Indian National Congress, Articles with dead external links from August 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from April 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2017, Pages using Sister project links with wikidata namespace mismatch, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The international airport at New Delhi is named, The Indira Gandhi Memorial Trust also constituted the annual, This page was last edited on 24 January 2021, at 06:13. The nobility responded by rallying around the Jana Sangh and other right-wing parties that stood in opposition to Gandhi's attempts to abolish royal privileges. The political parties in India paid substantial attention to Gandhi's gender before she became prime minister, hoping to use her for political gain. Danilewitz, J., 1998. Following the surrender of Pakistani forces in December, Gandhi invited Pakistani President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to the city of Simla for a summit. Nach dem Tode ihres Sanjay baute sie ihren ltesten Sohn Rajiv Gandhi der bis dahin wenig Interesse an Politik gezeigt hatte und der Pilot bei Fluggesellschaft war zu ihrem Nachfolger auf. Indira Gandhi left behind her a lasting political legacy and her family became one of the most prominent political names in India. [216] In response to this, Bhutto launched a massive campaign to make Pakistan a nuclear power. The political economist, Jyotindra Das Gupta, cryptically questioned "...whether or not the real supporters of land-holders were in jail or in power? Gandhi declared the people of Indian origin settled in Africa as "Ambassadors of India". [86] In 1980, as a tribute to her son's dream of launching an indigenously manufactured car, Gandhi nationalized Sanjay's debt ridden company, Maruti Udyog, for Rs. "[165][178] The rationale behind the overall plan was Gandhi's Ten-Point Programme of 1967. [165] By the end of the 1960s, the reversal of the liberalisation process was complete, and India's policies were characterised as "protectionist as ever. Indira Gandhi Wiki, Age, Husband, Family, Biography & More November 19, 2020 0 Comments 46 Her sheer sense of politics and exceptional skills catapulted her position in the Indian politics, so much so that she went on to become the first woman elected to lead a democratic country. [189] After becoming prime minister, Gandhi expressed her intention of nationalising the banks to alleviate poverty in a paper titled, "Stray thoughts on Bank Nationalisation". However, in May 1976, Gandhi and Bhutto both agreed to reopen diplomatic establishments and normalise relations. [155] Although hosting the 1983 summit at Delhi boosted Indian prestige within the movement, its close relations with the Soviet Union and its pro-Soviet positions on Afghanistan and Cambodia limited its influence. In der Glaubensrichtung der Gandhi-Familie - dem Hinduismus - teilte man die Bürger in vier Kasten ein. She was the only daughter of her beloved parents but she didn’t enjoy her childhood at all. [41] Grain diplomacy and currency devaluation became matters of intense national pride in India. "[169], In summarising the biographical works on Gandhi, Blema S. Steinberg concludes she was decidedly non-ideological. About Indira Gandhi. It is a known fact that after Rajiv’s birth, Indira Gandhi and Feroze Gandhi lived separately, but they were not divorced. [106] Beant Singh shot her three times using his side-arm; Satwant Singh fired 30 rounds. Nixon despised Gandhi politically and personally. She argued the case for abolition based on equal rights for all citizens and the need to reduce the government's revenue deficit. [30] The couple had two sons, Rajiv Gandhi (born 1944) and Sanjay Gandhi (born 1946).[31][32]. The government targeted growth at 5.7% while stating as its goals, "growth with stability and progressive achievement of self-reliance. Son: Rajiv Gandhi. In 2020 Gandhi was named by the Time magazine among world's 100 powerful women who defined the last century[8][9], 3rd and first female Prime Minister of India, First term as Prime Minister between 1966 and 1977, Green Revolution and the Fourth Five-Year Plan, State of Emergency and the Fifth Five-Year Plan, Operation Forward and the Sixth Five-Year Plan, sfn error: no target: CITEREFIndira_Gandhi:_Daughter_of_India2002 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSomervill2007 (. She served as Prime minister from 1966-1977 and then again 1980 until her untimely demise in 1984. [8][9], Indira Gandhi was born Indira Nehru into a Kashmiri Pandit family on 19 November 1917 in Allahabad. https://sekho.in/indira-gandhi-family-photos-husband-sons-daughter-date-birth Her charismatic personality and intelligence made her a powerful statesperson and extremely popular amongst the common people. [170] Steinberg notes Gandhi's association with socialism was superficial. After news of the verdict spread, hundreds of supporters demonstrated outside her house, pledging their loyalty. [citation needed], Gandhi claimed that only "clear vision, iron will and the strictest discipline" can remove poverty. Nach dem Tode Sanjays baute sie ihren ältesten Sohn Rajiv Gandhi, der bis dahin wenig Interesse an der Politik gezeigt hatte und Pilot bei einer Fluggesellschaft war, zu ihrem Nachfolger auf. They have two children, a son, Rahul Gandhi, and a daughter, Priyanka Gandhi. [34] After her father's death in 1964 she was appointed a member of the Rajya Sabha (upper house) and served in Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri's cabinet as Minister of Information and Broadcasting. She announced plans to appeal to the Supreme Court and insisted that the conviction did not undermine her position. Boston: Shankar, A. In this article, you will get all the GK Questions on Indira Gandhi with several interesting facts. This time, it was passed successfully as the 26th Amendment to the Constitution of India. It was to prevent the damage to Nehru’s political image which would have come his way otherwise. [39][40], The first electoral test for Gandhi was the 1967 general elections for the Lok Sabha and state assemblies. [182][185] General economic recovery under Gandhi led to an average inflation rate of 6.5% from 1981–82 to 1985–86—the lowest since the beginning of India's inflation problems in the 1960s. The bullets were matched with their respective weapons at the Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) Delhi. Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy; Norman, Dorothy. www.bpb.de/internationales/asien/indien/189897/indiens-nehru-gandhi-dynastie Her funeral was televised live on domestic and international stations, including the BBC. Following the 1967 elections, Gandhi gradually began to move towards socialist policies. [15] Her father was often away, directing political activities or incarcerated, while her mother was frequently bedridden with illness, and later suffered an early death from tuberculosis. [108], Gandhi was taken to the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences at 9:30 AM where doctors operated on her. "[230] Another historian recounts Indira's comparison of herself to Joan of Arc: "Indira developed a fascination for Joan of Arc, telling her aunt, 'Someday I am going to lead my people to freedom just as Joan of Arc did'! The Janata Party's democracy or dictatorship claim seemed to resonate with the public. Indira Gandhi Wiki, Biography, Age, Height, Wife, Family Photo, Profile. Indira Nehru Gandhi vs. Shri Raj Narain and Anr. It was passed in the Lok Sabha but fell short of the two-thirds majority in the Rajya Sabha by a single vote. As prime minister, Gandhi was known for her political intransigency and unprecedented centralisation of power. 64. However, they received a final setback when many of them were defeated by huge margins. 1946). [165][187], Despite the provisions, control and regulations of the Reserve Bank of India, most banks in India had continued to be owned and operated by private persons. The slogan was developed in response to the combined opposition alliance's use of the two word manifesto—"Indira Hatao" (Remove Indira). In 1971, Indira faced a crisis when troops from … [162], During Lal Bahadur Shastri's last full year in office (1965), inflation averaged 7.7%, compared to 5.2% at the end of Gandhi's first term in office (1977). [4] She was elected President of the Indian National Congress in 1959. Jawaharlal Nehru, the first prime minister of independent India, Indira Gandhi was "[167] J. Barkley Rosser Jr. wrote that "some have even seen the declaration of emergency rule in 1975 as a move to suppress [leftist] dissent against Gandhi's policy shift to the right. [61], Within a few months, President's rule was imposed on the two opposition party ruled states of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu thereby bringing the entire country under direct Central rule or by governments led by the ruling Congress party. Tony Blair was the leader of the British Labour Party from 1994 to 2007, and prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007. Initially, her younger son Sanjay had been her chosen heir, but after his death in a flying accident in June 1980, Gandhi persuaded her reluctant elder son Rajiv to quit his job as a pilot and enter politics in February 1981. Sanjay Gandhi was married to Maneka Gandhi, who is an Indian politician. This book has been written by Indira’s cousin, Nayantara Sahgal, daughter of Vijaylaxmi Pandit, sister of Jawaharlal Nehru. [198] This was followed by the annexation of Sikkim in 1975. [197], In 1972, Gandhi granted statehood to Meghalaya, Manipur and Tripura, while the North-East Frontier Agency was declared a union territory and renamed Arunachal Pradesh. Feroze Gandhi, whom Indira married in the 1950s, was born in a Zoroastrian Parsi family as Feroze Ghandhy. During Nehru's time as Prime Minister of India from 1947 to 1964, Gandhi was considered a key assistant and accompanied him on his numerous foreign trips. [45] Sunanda K. Datta-Ray described her as "a master of rhetoric ... often more posture than policy", while The Times journalist, Peter Hazelhurst, famously quipped that Gandhi's socialism was "slightly left of self-interest. Indian Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Year : 2009, Volume : 7, Issue : 4. [208], Responding to the insurgency in Nagaland, Gandhi "unleashed a powerful military offensive" in the 1970s. [170] Only 7.4% (24) of the total 330 biographical extractions posit ideology as a reason for her policy choices. The Congress Party won a reduced majority in the Lok Sabha after these elections owing to widespread disenchantment over the rising prices of commodities, unemployment, economic stagnation and a food crisis. [94] In July 1982, he led the campaign for the implementation of the Anandpur Resolution, which demanded greater autonomy for the Sikh-majority state. India is a country of dynasties, and the most famous is the Nehru-Gandhi family. [37], Her first eleven years serving as Prime Minister saw Gandhi evolve from the perception of Congress party leaders as their puppet, to a strong leader with the iron resolve to split the party over her policy positions, or to go to war with Pakistan to liberate Bangladesh. After Nehru was named India's first prime minister in 1947, Gandhi became something of her father's hostess, learning to navigate complex relationships of diplomacy with some of the great leaders of the world. Since Gandhi had lost her seat in the election, the defeated Congress party appointed Yashwantrao Chavan as their parliamentary party leader. These allegations included that she "had planned or thought of killing all opposition leaders in jail during the Emergency". In an election petition filed by her 1971 opponent, Raj Narain (who later defeated her in the 1977 parliamentary election running in the Raebareli constituency), alleged several major as well as minor instances of the use of government resources for campaigning. ", "BBC On This Day | 12 | 1975: Gandhi found guilty of corruption", "A Page From The Past: All You Need To Know About Emergency Imposed By Indira Gandhi Government", "Cong blames Sanjay Gandhi for Emergency 'excesses, "Emergency 'propagandist' who banned Kishore Kumar songs", "How Fernandes ran a high-voltage campaign for Chikkamagaluru bypoll", "Tale of two hijackers: One is Congress candidate, other most wanted", "1980: Gandhi returned by landslide vote", "Indira Gandhi becomes Indian prime minister – Jan 19, 1966 – History.com", "Last speech of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi prior to her assassination", "Remembering Indira Gandhi on her 29th death anniversary", "India Hangs Two Sikhs Convicted In Assassination of Indira Gandhi", "32 years of Indira Gandhi assassination, anti-Sikh riots: All you need to know", "Indira Gandhi's assassination sparks a fearful round of sectarian violence", "Indira Gandhi assassination trial: Satwant Singh and Kehar Singh hanged", Fighting for Faith and Nation: Dialogues With Sikh Militants, We the eyeballs : Cover Story – India Today, "HS Phoolka releases video of Rajiv Gandhi's speech justifying 1984 riots", "Watch: The shocking video where Rajiv Gandhi justified 1984 anti-Sikh riots \website=dnaindia.com", Nixon's dislike of 'witch' Indira, BBC News, 29 June 2005, "BBC NEWS | South Asia | Nixon's dislike of 'witch' Indira", Former PM Indira Gandhi honoured with Bangladesh's highest award, The Economic Times, 25 July 2011, "Indira – terror personified or goddess? 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