Monday, October 19, 2020 As society continues to reflect on how to address issues of race, bias, and policing, SPARQ Co-Director Jennifer Ebherhardt shares her expertise and data-driven learnings from her long-term work on this issue. She asked subjects (largely white) to stare at a dot on a computer screen while images—of a black face, a white face, or no face at all—flashed imperceptibly quickly off to one side. Eberhardt is a Social Psychologist with nearly 20 years of teaching and research work, much of it focused on what she describes as “the stereotypical associations between blacks and crime.” Eberhardt admits the findings shook her. Jennifer Eberhardt, Ph.D., is Morris M. Doyle Centennial Professor of Public Policy, Professor of Psychology, and Faculty Co-Director of SPARQ. Same-race recognition isn’t inborn, Eberhardt says. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati, an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. The Oakland police have a long record of scandals. That friction caused people to evaluate their reasoning before making bias-based assumptions, and the incidence of racial profiling fell by more than 75%. Jennifer Eberhardt Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do New York: Viking, 2019. If one were to design the perfect vessel for the transmission of anti-racist dogma framed wholly at the embarrassing level of superficiality liberals have come to regard as adequately stimulating, it would look exactly like Jennifer Eberhardt. She and colleagues did a series of experiments using the dot-probe paradigm, a well-known method of implanting subliminal images. Armstrong disagrees. “What’s distinctive about her work is how bold she is,” says Susan Fiske, a psychologist at Princeton University who wrote the authoritative textbook about social cognition. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur “genius” grant. She’s a social-scientific Virgil, offering expert commentary that illumines the book’s otherwise lightless descent into the hellish depths of racial prejudice. “The whole culture has changed, and Dr. Eberhardt has been part of that.”. Then she would show a vague outline of an object that gradually came into focus. Distinct representations of configuration and part information in multiple face-selective regions of the human brain 2015 - Frontiers in Neuroscience Authors: Golijeh Golarai1, Dara G. Ghahremani, Jennifer L. Eberhardt, and John D. E. Gabrieli Jennifer Eberhardt received a B.A. Here's Why She's Not Convinced Defunding the Police Is the Answer", "Meet the Psychologist Exploring Unconscious Bias—And Its Tragic Consequences for Society", "Justice Is Blind. Black people convicted of capital offenses face the death penalty at a higher rate than white people. sxswedu.com — Jennifer Eberhardt is a social psychologist at Stanford University and a leading authority on unconscious bias. The only other black person on … When students viewed faces of their own race, brain areas involved in facial recognition lit up more than when viewing faces of other races. It also became clear to her how different her world was from that of her classmates—how her relatives routinely got pulled over by the police, for example, whereas those of her classmates almost never did. In general, her work divides into two broad programs of study: The nature of racial categories and their influence on beliefs and stereotyping. — Bruce Western, author of Punishment and Inequality in America and Guggenheim Professor of Criminal Justice Policy, Harvard University In this powerful talk, psychologist Jennifer L. Eberhardt explores how our biases unfairly target Black people at all levels of society -- from schools and social media to policing and criminal justice -- and discusses how creating points of friction can help us actively interrupt and address this troubling problem. Stanford University psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt has done a multi-year exploration of policing in America. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford. Description. “It’s one of the things we want to study more,” she says. Eberhardt’s studies are “strong methodologically and also super real-world relevant,” says Dolly Chugh of New York University’s Stern School of Business, a psychologist who studies decision-making. At Stanford, she co-directs Social Psychological Answers to … Jennifer Eberhardt A social psychologist at Stanford University, Jennifer Eberhardt investigates the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime. September/October 2015 Reading time 13 min More power to you, sister. Just keep your hands on the steering wheel real quick.”. Jennifer Eberhardt received a B.A. Law enforcement officers across the … Contrary to her fears, her new classmates were welcoming. In the aftermath of the 1991 Rodney King beating and Los Angeles riots, patrol radio chatter revealed officers referring to black people as “gorillas in our midst,” among other derogatory descriptions. She introduced the class to the quizmaster test, in which one student poses as a quiz show host, like Alex Trebek on Jeopardy!, and another poses as a contestant. Law enforcement officers across the country are taking note. Jennifer Eberhardt: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. (1987) from the University of Cincinnati and an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. In other words, seeing a black face—even subconsciously—prompted people to see the image of a gun. She studies the psychological association between race and crime and the dehumanization of Black Americans in contemporary society. Jennifer Eberhardt’s work disrupting bias featured in CNN, New York Times, BBC, and more! This is where the power lies and how the process starts.”. To explore how hardwired the effect might be, Eberhardt and colleagues at Stanford recruited 10 black and 10 white students and put them in an MRI machine while showing them photographs of white and black faces. Another study of unconscious bias found that teachers were more likely to discipline black students—not on the first offense, but on the second: The teachers apparently were quicker to see “patterns” of bad behavior in black children. Eberhardt’s students committed the same error—except when the quizmaster was black and the contestant was white. © 2021 American Association for the Advancement of Science. Eberhardt draws on a range of social psychological research, including her own work analyzing police-community interactions and designing interventions to mitigate bias. Then the researchers tried the experiment in reverse, flashing subliminal images of crime objects, such as a gun, followed by a brief image of a face in various parts of the screen. Eberhardt has been responsible for major contributions on investigating the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime through methods such as field studies and laboratory studies. In Oakland, California, a gang of black teenagers caused a mini–crime wave of purse snatchings among middle-aged women in Chinatown. The department has been the target of lawsuits and sanctions, including a $10.9 million payout in a class action lawsuit resulting from the Riders fiasco. Jennifer Eberhardt is fascinated with objects. Discussing research her and her colleagues have conducted, as well as the research of other social psychologists, Eberhardt’s talk covered a range of outcomes of stereotypical associations, including the propensity to associate Black Americans with crime, and to support punitive policies when they disparately impact Black Americans. ", "MacArthur Genius Recipient Jennifer Eberhardt Discusses Her New Book 'Biased'", "'You Don't Have to Be a Bigot to Have Bias,' Expert Explains", Research Finds Police Officers Less Respectful to African-American Drivers, "Police Are Less Respectful Toward Black Drivers, Report Finds", "Study: Black Teachers Won’t Save Black Students from Receiving Harsher Punishments Than Their White Peers", © 2021 John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, MacArthur Award for Creative & Effective Institutions. Rarely do we actually meet someone so heroic in real life, who is actually making a real difference. Jennifer Eberhardt is a social psychologist at Stanford University and a leading authority on unconscious bias. Jennifer Eberhardt is a social psychologist at Stanford University and a leading authority on unconscious bias. Her research found the association between Black Americans and crime is so powerful that just thinking about violent crime can lead people to focus their attention on Black faces. Video: Low-cost interventions could help combat the ‘psychological poverty trap’, Chemists re-engineer a psychedelic to treat depression and addiction in rodents, Biogen’s Alzheimer’s drug candidate takes a beating from FDA advisers, Global temperatures in 2020 tied record highs, What causes IBS pain? So she trained herself to recognize features she had never paid attention to before—“eye color, various shades of blond hair, freckles,” she wrote in her book, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Eberhardt wondered about the staying power of those associations. Subjects who had been primed with black faces recognized the weapon more quickly than participants who had seen white faces. Eberhardt saw a way to bring science to bear. AAAS is a partner of HINARI, AGORA, OARE, CHORUS, CLOCKSS, CrossRef and COUNTER. WOMAN TO WATCH: Jennifer Eberhardt, Social Psychologist & Associate Professor at Stanford University. Black people were also stopped more often than white drivers for minor violations and indistinct reasons rather than “actionable intelligence” such as a traffic violation or outstanding warrant. To suss out the cognitive component of sentencing, Eberhardt obtained data from hundreds of capital cases in Philadelphia. In this particular episode, “Living on Autopilot,” our team discusses the groundbreaking study that used body-worn camera footage … From 1995 to 1998 she taught at Yale University in the Departments of Psychology and African and African American Studies. Jennifer L Eberhardt's 34 research works with 3,933 citations and 8,109 reads, including: The development of race effects in face processing from childhood through adulthood: Neural … And she and her colleagues did the study before the Obama and Trump presidencies, when racist language resurged on the internet and in politics. Stanford University psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt has done a multi-year exploration of policing in America. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is widely considered one of the world’s leading experts on racial bias.She is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur “genius” grant. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and innovative methods—from laboratory studies to … Using the familiar dot-probe technique, she primed a group of students with subliminal images of black or white faces, followed by vague images of various animals, including apes. The Oakland police department has tried to buy time for officers by changing its foot pursuit policy. A book summary of the 3 big ideas, 2 most compelling quotes and 1 action you can take from Biased by Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. Eberhardt has written that the phrase “they all look alike,” long the province of the bigot, “is actually a function of biology and exposure.” There’s no doubt plenty of overt bigotry exists, Eberhardt says; but she has found that most of us also harbor bias without knowing it. Such results might upset a woman whose great-great-grandfather was born into slavery. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford. It didn’t seem to be bigotry—the students completed a survey indicating that they did not consciously harbor bias. Students primed with black faces detected ape images more quickly. Jennifer Eberhardt: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. Another tack is to introduce what Eberhardt calls friction into the system. “She’s not the only one working in social cognition or on police issues or on implicit bias. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and a wide-ranging array of methods -- from laboratory studies to novel field experiments -- Eberhardt’s team decided to stay on and help us through that process … and that’s why we got so much buy-in from our officers.”. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and a wide array of research methods—from laboratory studies to novel field experiments—Eberhardt has revealed the startling, and often dispiriting, extent to which racial imagery and judgments suffuse our … In recordings of 981 traffic stops by the Oakland, California, police, Jennifer Eberhardt’s team found that officers tended to address white drivers respectfully, but more often used informal and brusque language with black drivers. APS President Elect Jennifer Eberhardt discussed her research on racial bias, stereotypes, and their impacts during the 2019 Henry and Bryna David Lecture at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Those subjects primed by crimerelated objects were quicker to notice a black face. With an eager and observant eye for his in-flight surroundings, her son pointed out a passenger, saying “that guy looks like daddy,” Eberhardt recalled. Sixty percent of the stops involved black people, who made up only 28% of the city’s population. In the late 1990s, four officers calling themselves the Riders would brutalize and plant evidence on people. "The statistics out there indicate that there are racial disparities in sentencing juveniles who have committed severe crimes," said Eberhardt, associate professor of psychology. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign… More about Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD (They also tend to face longer prison terms for similar crimes.) Few had heard of 19th century race science. “Drawing on her pioneering research, Jennifer Eberhardt’s new book offers a powerful exploration of how racial bias seeps into our classrooms, college campuses, police departments, and businesses.” —Bruce Western, author of Punishment and Inequality in America and Professor of Sociology, Columbia University “This wasn’t just a bias, where you think, ‘This group is not as good as my group,’” she says. Students also had more trouble remembering faces of races other than their own. Eberhardt presents this research with such elegance and clarity that it is easy to forget just how unwieldy, technical, and utterly terrifying this body of literature is. Connect with us on social media or view all of our, Committed to building a more just, verdant, and peaceful world, "Talking About Racial Bias with the Author of ‘Biased’", "She Wrote a Book About Bias. “Those are the faces our brain is getting trained on.”. In cleverly designed experiments, she has shown how social conditions can interact with the workings of our brain to determine our responses to other people, especially in the context of race. Her research found the association between Black Americans and crime is so powerful that just thinking about violent crime can lead people to … “The data said it was actually under 5%.” A more recent study by the Computational Policy Lab at Stanford showed the same pattern nationwide. But as much as she tried to reciprocate their attention, she had trouble telling them apart. About Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt A social psychologist at Stanford University, Jennifer Eberhardt investigates the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime. Observers almost always say they see the quizmaster as more intelligent, despite knowing that’s simply because the host already has the answers. “And I was like, wow, because normally this experiment always works.” She began to wonder how unconscious bias influences our perceptions. Rather than chase a suspect into a blind alley, officers are encouraged to call for backup, set a perimeter, and make a plan before closing in. Eberhardt presents this research with such elegance and clarity that it is easy to forget just how unwieldy, technical, and utterly terrifying this body of literature is. “Drawing on her pioneering research, Jennifer Eberhardt’s new book offers a powerful exploration of how racial bias seeps into our classrooms, college campuses, police departments, and businesses.”—Bruce Western, author of Punishment and Inequality in America and Professor of Sociology, Columbia University She is taking this world that black people have always known about and translating it into the principles and building blocks of universal human psychology. When she reversed the process, students primed with line drawings of apes directed their attention to black faces more quickly. Stanford psychologists Jennifer Eberhardt and Jason Okonofua experimentally examined the psychological processes involved when teachers … The MacArthur Foundation gave Stanford's Jennifer Eberhardt a "genius" grant for ... Eberhardt’s research has shown. BONUS EPISODE with Jennifer Eberhardt (social psychologist who is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University) is the first in a monthly series on dissecting the Black experience in America. The court-enforced agreement also required the department to reform itself, spelling out 51 tasks. Both black and white police officers used similar disrespectful language with black motorists, which tells Eberhardt that although some of that behavior may be racist, most probably arises from unconscious patterns that somehow get transmitted during training or fieldwork. “The effect was just flat,” she says: The student observers did not see the quizmaster as any more intelligent than the contestant. “This was like placing African Americans outside the human family altogether.”. She, like other experts, says one effective countermeasure is to slow down, to move your thinking from the primitive, reactive parts of the brain to more reflective levels. Eberhardt has been especially active in criminal justice, playing a key role in the court-ordered reform of the Oakland police department, which has a history of toxic community relations. Sign up for periodic news updates and event invitations. The Stanford research was inspired, in part, by the cases most recently before the high court, said Jennifer Eberhardt, senior author of the study. Research Report Looking Deathworthy Perceived Stereotypicality of Black Defendants Predicts Capital-Sentencing Outcomes Jennifer L. Eberhardt,1 Paul G. Davies,2 Valerie J. Purdie-Vaughns,3 and Sheri Lynn Johnson4 1Department of Psychology, Stanford University; 2Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles; 3Department of Psychology, Yale University; and 4Cornell Law School Over the decades, Eberhardt and her Stanford team have explored the roots and ramifications of unconscious bias, from the level of the neuron to that of society. Jennifer L. Eberhardt is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Stanford University and a 2014 MacArthur Fellow. When the founders of the social networking company Nextdoor saw that too many “suspicious character” postings on its online bulletin boards were based solely on race, they called Eberhardt in to consult. Eberhardt has an earnest manner that suggests a deep sense of mission. “Dr. Through interdisciplinary collaborations and a wide-ranging array of methods -- from laboratory studies to novel field experiments -- Jennifer L. Eberhardt has revealed the startling, and often dispiriting, extent to which racial imagery and judgments shape actions and outcomes both in our criminal justice system and our neighborhoods, schools and workplaces. In a follow-up study, students who viewed a video of police beating a black man after glimpsing an ape were more likely to say the beating was deserved. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy ’s 100 Leading Global Thinkers. 34—making traffic stops, the most common interactions between civilians and police, less discriminatory and confrontational. Eberhardt hasn’t shied away from some of the most painful questions in U.S. race relations, such as the role of bias in police shootings. About a 90-minute drive from Eberhardt’s office is a police department with a troubled history, in one of the nation’s most violent cities. When Jennifer Eberhardt appeared on The Daily Show with Trevor Noah in April 2019, she had a hard time keeping a straight face. sxswedu.com — Jennifer Eberhardt is a social psychologist at Stanford University and a leading authority on unconscious bias. But phrases such as “I’m sorry to have to pull you over, but …” or “Drive safely, ma’am,” were reserved mostly for white people, whereas black motorists more often heard phrases such as “All right, my man. Eberhardt, a MacArthur Foundation “genius grant” award winner in 2014, has long been putting her insights to work. Discussing research her and her colleagues have conducted, as well as the research of other social psychologists, Eberhardt’s talk covered a range of outcomes of stereotypical associations, including the propensity to associate Black Americans with crime, and to support punitive policies when they disparately impact Black Americans. “As a scientist, I made it my role not to just be a member of a group who could be targeted by bias but to do something about it,” she says, “to investigate, understand it, and communicate with others.”. High-resolution photos of MacArthur Fellows are available for download (right click and save), including use by media, in accordance with this copyright policy. She has been affiliated with Stanford University since 1998, where she is currently an associate professor in the Department of Psychology and co-director of SPARQ, a Stanford center aimed at offering Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions. She also has examined implicit bias among law enforcement, showing that, for example, police officers are more likely to mistakenly identify African American faces as criminal than white faces; in addition, officers are more likely to judge faces that are the most stereotypically black as the most likely to be criminal. From her advice, they created a checklist so people logging on had to specify suspicious behavior before describing appearance. When police asked the teens why they targeted that neighborhood, they said the Asian women, when faced with a lineup, “couldn’t tell the brothers apart.”. Jennifer L. Eberhardt is a social psychologist investigating the subtle, complex, largely unconscious yet deeply ingrained ways that individuals racially code and categorize people, with a particular focus on associations between race and crime. Whether this is the first book you have picked up on the topic of bias or yet another you are adding to your expertise on the topic, "Biased" by Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt … Through collaborations with experts in criminology, law, and anthropology, as well as novel studies that engage law enforcement and jurors, Eberhardt is revealing new insights about the extent to which race imagery and judgments suffuse our culture and society. Jennifer Eberhardt drew from her 20-plus years of research and teaching as a Stanford University professor for her book Biased. It stems from our brain’s tendency to categorize things—a useful function in a world of infinite stimuli, but one that can lead to discrimination, baseless assumptions, and worse, particularly in times of hurry or stress. J ennifer Eberhardt is a MacArthur “genius grant” winner and psychology professor at Stanford University who studies implicit bias. Criminals have learned to exploit the effect, she told Noah. 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